Merritt A. Edson’s Medal of Honor citation
The President of the United States in the name of The Congress takes pleasure in presenting the MEDAL OF HONOR to
COLONEL
MERRITT AUSTIN EDSON
UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS
for service as set forth in the following
CITATION:
for extraordinary heroism and conspicuous intrepidity above and beyond the call of duty as Commanding Officer of the FIRST Marine Raider Battalion, with Parachute Battalion attached, during action against enemy Japanese forces in the Solomon Islands on the night of 13 and 14 September 1942. After the airfield on Guadalcanal had been seized from the enemy on 8 August, Colonel Edson, with a force of 800 men, was assigned to the occupation and defense of a ridge dominating the jungle on either side of the airport. Facing a formidable Japanese attack which, augmented by infiltration, had crashed through our front lines, he, by skillful handling of his troops, successfully withdrew his forward units to a reserve line with minimum casualties. When the enemy, in a subsequent series of violent assaults, engaged our force in desperate hand-to-hand combat with bayonets, rifles, pistols, grenades, and knives, Colonel Edson, although continuously exposed to hostile fire throughout the night, personally directed defense of the reserve position against a fanatical foe of greatly superior numbers. By his astute leadership and gallant devotion to duty, he enabled his men, despite severe losses, to cling tenaciously to their position on the vital ridge, thereby retaining command not only of the Guadalcanal airfield, but also of the 1st Division’s entire offensive installations in the surrounding area.
Born: April 25, 1897 in Rutland, Vt…. Home of record: Burlington, Vt…. Left college after two years to serve on the Texas border with the National Guard… Enlisted in the Marine Corps when the United States entered World War I, and he was commissioned a second lieutenant of Marines in 1917, serving as a company commander in Europe… Earned his wings of gold in 1922, but returned to ground forces in 1927… Earned his first Navy Cross in Nicaragua in 1928… Founder and first commander of the 1st Marine Raider Battalion… Also awarded a second Navy Cross, a Silver Star, and two Legions of Merit before retiring as a major general in 1947… Departed: Aug. 14, 1955… Sons Capt. Merritt A. Edson Jr., Maj. Herbert R. Edson, and granson Col. David W. Edson also served in the Marine Corps… Interred at Arlington National Cemetery